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The Main Trends in the Development of Adversarial and Inquisitorial Forms of Litigation in the Historical Paradigm: Towards the Search for an Ideal Litigation
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The Main Trends in the Development of Adversarial and Inquisitorial Forms of Litigation in the Historical Paradigm: Towards the Search for an Ideal Litigation
Abstract
PII
S1991-32220000622-3-1
DOI
10.61205/jzsp.2023.053
Publication type
Article
Status
Published
Authors
Petr Fesik 
Occupation: Senior Lecturer, Department of Theory and History of State and Law
Affiliation: Volga State University of Water Transport
Address: Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
Edition
Volume 19 No. 4
Pages
85-97
Abstract

The article examines the process of evolution of two forms of litigation that have existed for several millennia. The author’s hypothesis is that in the 13th century, in most European countries, the inquisition process gradually replaced the older adversarial process due to the fact that the canonical investigative order penetrated into the secular judicial practice of Western Europe. England in the middle ages did not follow the reception of Roman law, which influenced the preservation of the adversarial process in this country. Subsequently, inquisitorial and adversarial trials became part of the Romano-Germanic and Anglo-Saxon legal families, and such isolation, with some exceptions, has survived to our time. At the same time, there is a process of convergence of elements of inquisitorial and adversarial processes, while criticism of established procedures is increasing.

Consideration of various points of view regarding adversarial and inquisitorial (investigative) processes, including elements of comparative law, allowed us to identify the peculiarities of the functioning of the judicial process in different states. In addition, various opinions of legal scholars have been identified, and prospects for the development of the judicial process have been considered.

The applied research methods — comparative legal analysis and historical and legal analysis allowed us to consider the stages of development of two forms of judicial process in antiquity, the middle ages and modern times, as well as to analyze and compare the characteristic features of adversarial and inquisitorial trials.

As a result of the study, it was found that at the present time procedural law is experiencing a serious crisis, in which neither adversarial nor inquisitorial processes satisfy the demands of society for fair justice and equality of the parties. Therefore, other forms of proceedings turned out to be in demand, in which there is often a departure from the essence of judicial procedures.

Keywords
court, adversarial litigation, inquisitorial litigation, justice, jurisprudence
Date of publication
11.09.2023
Number of purchasers
12
Views
88
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0.0 (0 votes)
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